Which country's revolution of 1917 ended tsarist rule?

Russia, and there were two revolutions that year, which the singular obscures. In February, bread queues and strikes in Petrograd became a general uprising, the army refused to fire, and the Tsar abdicated - the three-hundred-year Romanov dynasty ended in about a week with no organised party leading it. In October, the Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government that had replaced him.

The dates are confusing for a specific reason: Russia was still on the Julian calendar, thirteen days behind. The October Revolution took place on 7 November by the calendar the rest of the world used, and the Soviet Union then adopted the Gregorian calendar and went on celebrating the anniversary in November while calling it October.

The February uprising began, by most accounts, with a women's demonstration on International Women's Day - textile workers who came out over bread and were joined by other factories against the advice of the socialist parties, who thought it premature. Lenin was in Switzerland and had said a few weeks earlier that his generation might not live to see the decisive battles of the coming revolution.