The Garden of Learning

Geography

Which city hosted the 1936 Olympics under Nazi rule?

  • Berlin
  • Munich
  • Rome

The answer is Berlin. Where Jesse Owens won four golds.

Berlin, awarded in 1931 before the Nazis took power and staged in 1936 as a propaganda exercise of unprecedented scale. Antisemitic signs were taken down for the duration, the persecution was paused for the visitors, and a great many foreign journalists went home reporting that the regime had been misrepresented.

Almost everything now considered traditional about the Games was invented for it. The torch relay from Olympia is a 1936 creation, designed by Carl Diem and filmed by Leni Riefenstahl, whose Olympia established most of the visual grammar of sports coverage - cameras in pits, on rails, underwater. The Games were also televised for the first time, to viewing rooms around Berlin.

Jesse Owens winning four golds is the story everyone knows and it is usually told wrong. Hitler did not conspicuously snub him - he had stopped congratulating any athletes publicly after the first day, on the IOC's instruction to congratulate all or none. Owens said he was not snubbed in Berlin but was at home: he returned to a country where he could not use the front door of hotels, was not invited to the White House, and later said the president did not even send him a telegram.