Which queen of ancient Egypt is known for having herself depicted as a male pharaoh?

Hatshepsut, who ruled for about two decades in the fifteenth century BC and appears in later statues with a false beard, male dress and a male body - not, on the current reading, a disguise, but the use of an established visual vocabulary. Pharaoh was an office with a fixed iconography, and she was claiming the office rather than pretending to be a man. Inscriptions alongside those images use feminine grammar.

Her reign was prosperous and largely peaceful: an expedition to Punt that brought back live incense trees, a building programme including her terraced mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahari, and no evident crisis. She had been regent for her young stepson Thutmose III and did not step aside.

After her death her images were systematically chiselled out, her name removed from king lists, and her monuments attributed to others. It looked for a long time like a stepson's revenge, but the erasures appear to have begun some twenty years into his sole reign rather than immediately, which points instead at securing his own son's succession by removing a precedent for a female ruler. Her mummy was identified in 2007, largely by matching a tooth in a canopic box to a gap in the jaw.