The Garden of Learning

Geography

Which country's parliament is called the Bundestag?

  • Germany
  • Austria
  • Belgium

The answer is Germany.

Germany, and its building is one of the more deliberate pieces of political architecture anywhere. The Reichstag was burned in 1933 in the fire the Nazis used to justify emergency powers, wrecked again in 1945, left as a shell through the Cold War with the Berlin Wall running past it, and rebuilt in the 1990s by Norman Foster.

The rebuild kept the damage. Cyrillic graffiti left by Soviet soldiers in 1945 was conserved and is on display in the corridors, on the argument that a parliament should not be allowed to forget how it got there. The new glass dome puts the public physically above the chamber, walking a spiral ramp with the politicians visible below - a point about who is over whom that nobody has to explain.

The electoral system it houses was designed against the past too. Germany's mixed-member proportional system, with a five per cent threshold to keep tiny parties out and a constructive vote of no confidence that requires naming a successor before removing a chancellor, exists because the Weimar Republic's proportional system produced unstable coalitions and governments that could be brought down by parties with no intention of governing.