The Garden of Learning

Arts & Letters

Who painted Nighthawks, the lonely diner scene?

  • Edward Hopper
  • Grant Wood
  • Andrew Wyeth

The answer is Edward Hopper. Hopper, in 1942.

Edward Hopper, in 1942, weeks after Pearl Harbor - which is part of why it reads as it does, though he denied painting loneliness and said he was probably painting the loneliness of a large city unconsciously.

The diner has no door. Look at the glass and there is no way in or out of the room from the street - the corner is sealed, and the viewer is outside a lit box containing four people who are not talking to each other. Hopper said it was simplified from a real restaurant on Greenwich Avenue, and nobody has ever identified it convincingly; it is likely an assembly rather than a place.

The light is the other trick. In 1942 fluorescent lighting was new, and the flat greenish glare pouring out onto an empty street would have looked modern and slightly clinical to viewers at the time - it is the reason the scene feels observed rather than warm. His wife Jo modelled for every female figure in his work after they married, kept the ledgers, and recorded in her diaries a marriage that was competitive and frequently unhappy; she was a painter too, and her work went largely unshown.