Arts & Letters
Which novel features the dystopia of soma and test-tube babies?
- Brave New World
- 1984
- Fahrenheit 451
The answer is Brave New World. Aldous Huxley's Brave New World.
Brave New World, published in 1932, and its horror is the opposite of Orwell's. There is no boot and no torture; people are conditioned from birth to want what they are given, kept content with a drug that has no hangover, and offered enough pleasure that nobody objects to anything. The society is stable because it is agreeable.
Huxley's own gloss, in a letter to Orwell after reading 1984, was that he doubted a boot in the face could be sustained indefinitely and thought his own version - control through pleasure and conditioning rather than punishment - was likelier and harder to resist. Neil Postman later built a whole book on the contrast, arguing that Orwell feared those who would ban books and Huxley feared there would be no one who wanted to read one.
The details have aged unevenly and interestingly. Hatcheries producing children to specification looked absurd in 1932 and read differently after in-vitro fertilisation; the drug looked fanciful and reads differently now; the caste system produced by deliberate embryonic damage remains firmly fictional. Huxley spent his last decades in California, wrote about mescaline, and requested LSD on his deathbed - which arrived on the same day as the Kennedy assassination, so almost nobody noticed he had died.