The Garden of Learning

Nature & Beasts

Which fruit carries its seeds on the outside?

  • The strawberry
  • The blueberry
  • The plum

The answer is The strawberry. And botanically it is not a berry at all.

A strawberry wears its seeds on the outside, and the twist is that they are not seeds. Each of those little specks is a separate fruit in its own right, called an achene, with a seed inside it. The red part everyone eats is swollen flower stem - which means a strawberry is not, botanically speaking, a berry at all.

Botany is comprehensively unhelpful here. A berry is a fruit with its seeds inside a fleshy wall grown from a single ovary, which makes bananas, grapes, tomatoes, cucumbers, avocados and chilli peppers all berries. Raspberries and blackberries are not berries either; they are clusters of tiny individual fruits stuck together.

The strawberry we eat is also very young. It is a hybrid produced in Brittany in the 1750s by crossing a small intensely flavoured North American species with a large bland Chilean one that a French spy had smuggled home. Every large strawberry in every shop descends from that accident.