The Garden of Learning

Geography

Which strait did Ferdinand Magellan navigate at South America's tip?

  • The Strait of Magellan
  • The Drake Passage
  • The Beagle Channel

The answer is The Strait of Magellan. The strait later named for him, 1520.

The Strait of Magellan, a 570-kilometre channel through the islands at the bottom of South America - and it took his fleet 38 days of navigating fog, tides and dead-end fjords, during which one ship deserted and sailed home.

What they came out into he named the Pacific, because after that passage the water happened to be calm. It was a bad sample and the name has misled ever since. The crossing that followed took three months and twenty days without sighting inhabited land, during which the crew ate leather stripped from the rigging, sawdust and rats, and men died of scurvy with their gums swollen over their teeth.

The route was the only way round until the Panama Canal, and it was never easy - Drake was blown south past it and discovered the open water below Cape Horn, which is worse but wider. Magellan himself never finished; he was killed in the Philippines about halfway, and one ship of five came home with 18 men from about 270, carrying enough cloves to turn a profit on the entire venture.